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OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the effect of Chinese medicine (CM) treatment on survival time and quality of life (QOL) in patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC).@*METHODS@#This was an exploratory and prospective clinical observation. Patients diagnosed with SCLC receiving CM treatment were included and followed up every 3 months. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS), and the secondary outcomes were progression-free survival (PFS) and QOL.@*RESULTS@#A total of 136 patients including 65 limited-stage SCLC (LS-SCLC) patients and 71 extensive-stage SCLC (ES-SCLC) patients were analyzed. The median OS of ES-SCLC patients was 17.27 months, and the median OS of LS-SCLC was 40.07 months. The survival time was 16.27 months for SCLC patients with brain metastasis, 9.83 months for liver metastasis, 13.43 months for bone metastasis, and 18.13 months for lung metastasis. Advanced age, pleural fluid, liver and brain metastasis were risk factors, while longer CM treatment duration was a protective factor. QOL assessment indicated that after 6 months of CM treatment, scores increased in function domains and decreased in symptom domains.@*CONCLUSION@#CM treatment might help prolong OS of SCLC patients. Moreover, CM treatment brought the trend of symptom amelioration and QOL improvement. These results provide preliminary evidence for applying CM in SCLC multi-disciplinary treatment.
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Objective:To investigate the status of professional self-efficacy and its influencing factors among postgraduates in Master of Nursing Specialist(MNS).Methods:Totally 185 postgraduates from 33 universities were chosen by convenience sampling from December 2018 to January 2019 for a cross-sectional survey. Subjects completed a questionnaire covering demographic data, Professional Self-efficacy Questionnaire for Nursing Students, the Chinese version of Proactive Personality Scale and Career Social Support Inventory for Chinese College Students.Results:The score of professional self-efficacy was (92.78±13.22) . Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the sense of achievement in clinical work, proactive personality and career decision support were the influencing factors of postgraduates professional self-efficacy, with an interpretability of 40.2%.Conclusion:Professional self-efficacy of postgraduates is at upper middle level. Schools, hospitals and other relevant institutions should further improve the postgraduates cultivation model, establish high quality clinical practice bases, encourage postgraduates to actively explore career development pathway and provide adequate advices and supports, to improve the professional self-efficacy of postgraduates.
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OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effects of low-frequency electroacupuncture combined with aerobic exercise on sarocopenia, and the effects of IGF-I /Akt and its downstream signaling pathway-related protein.@*METHODS@#Naturally aging SD rats were used as research objects. Thirty-two 6-month-old male SD rats weighing 400 to 450 g were bred to 12-month-old and randomly divided into 4 groups according to body weight:Control group(YC, only grasp, fix, put back, without other intervention), electroacupuncture group (YA, electroacupuncture intervention), exercise group (YE, exercise intervention) and electroacupuncture+exercise group (YEA, electroacupuncture combined with exercise intervention). SD rats were continuously intervened from 12 months to 18 months of age. At the end of the experiment, the conditions of naturally aging rats in each group were observed:skeletal muscle wet weight / weight ratio;HE staining morphology of soleus muscle under light microscope; qPCR was used to detect the expression level of IGF-I mRNA in skeletal muscle;the expression of AKT, mTOR, p70S6K and p-p70S6K proteins in rat gastrocnemius was determined by Western blot.@*RESULTS@#In 18-month-old rats, the intervention period was 6 months. (1) Compared with YC group, YA group and YEA group significantly increased the wet weight / body weight ratio of gastrocnemius muscle in 18 months old rats. YEA group could significantly increase the wet weight / body weight ratio of soleus muscle compared with YC group YC group and YA group (@*CONCLUSION@#Electroacupuncture combined with aerobic exercise can attenuate sarocopenia in 18-month-old naturally aging rats. The molecular mechanism may be related to the promotion of protein synthesis by activating the IGF-I / Akt pathway.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Aging , Electroacupuncture , Exercise , Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/genetics , Muscle, Skeletal , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/genetics , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
Objective@#To build a comprehensive evaluation system for printable and online materials, and provide reference for the compilation and selection of patient education materials.@*Methods@#Taking Suitability Assessment of Materials (SAM) as frame and combined Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT) and CDC Clear Communication Index, we screened indicator of the evaluation system preliminary and all of them have been adjusted with the language habits and social and cultural characteristics of our country. By Delphi method, 15 experts in related fields were selected to conduct 2 rounds of expert consultation to establish the final indicator system. The weights of the different indicators were also analyzed by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP).@*Results@#The indicator system of printable and online patient education materials was consisted of 7 first-level indicators,28 second-level indicators,84 third-level indicators. The positive coefficients and the authority coefficients of the experts were 100% and 0.87 of the two rounds. The coordination factors of the experts in second-level and third-level were respectively 0.362 and 0.255 for the second round. The top three indicators of the first-level indicators were content (0.271 5), behavioral suggestion (0.190 4), and language expression (0.190 4); the highest-level index weight was scientific content (0.095 7), and the lowest was the use of commonly numbers, correct interpretation of numbers and units′ meaning (0.007 0).@*Conclusion@#The comprehensive evaluation system for printable and online materials is scientific, comprehensive and easy to operate. It can provide reference for medical worker to prepare and select printable and online materials.
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Objective@#To revised the Taiwan version successful aging inventory (SAI), and verify its reliability and validity in urban elderly in mainland China.@*Methods@#SAI was adjusted by culture and revised by pre-test to form a formal questionnaire. A sample of 600 elderly people in Guangzhou was chosen for a face-to-face questionnaire survey through convenient sampling. Half of the sample (n=300) was randomly selected for exploratory factor analysis, and the other was used to confirm the structural validity of SAI.@*Results@#Exploratory factor analysis extracted six common factors, including health autonomy, economic security, life adaptation, society and relative relationship, study and family. The cumulative contribution rate of six common factors was 65.366%. The fitting indexes of confirmatory factor analysis were χ2/df=1.861, CFI=0.930, IFI=0.930, TLI=0.923, GFI=0.823, RMSEA=0.054, RMR=0.073. There were significant ceiling effects in the four dimensions of health autonomy, economic security, life adaptation, and family. The internal consistency coefficient (Cronbach's α) of SAI was 0.930, and the test-retest reliability was 0.943. An average score of SAI ≥ 3.95 points was considered successful aging.@*Conclusion@#Reliability and validity of SAI are good, which can be used to measure the successful aging status of Chinese elders and track the effectiveness of health promotion measures.
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Objective To revised the Taiwan version successful aging inventory (SAI),and verify its reliability and validity in urban elderly in mainland China.Methods SAI was adjusted by culture and revised by pre-test to form a formal questionnaire.A sample of 600 elderly people in Guangzhou was chosen for a face-to-face questionnaire survey through convenient sampling.Half of the sample (n=300) was randomly selected for exploratory factor analysis,and the other was used to confirm the structural validity of SAI.Results Exploratory factor analysis extracted six common factors,including health autonomy,economic security,life adaptation,society and relative relationship,study and family.The cumulative contribution rate of six common factors was 65.366％.The fitting indexes of confirmatory factor analysis were x2/df=1.861,CFI =0.930,IFI =0.930,TLI =0.923,GFI =0.823,RMSEA =0.054,RMR =0.073.There were significant ceiling effects in the four dimensions of health autonomy,economic security,life adaptation,and family.The intemal consistency coefficient (Cronbach's α) of SAI was 0.930,and the test-retest reliability was 0.943.An average score of SAI ≥ 3.95 points was considered successful aging.Conclusion Reliability and validity of SAI are good,which can be used to measure the successful aging status of Chinese elders and track the effectiveness of health promotion measures.
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Objective To build a comprehensive evaluation system for printable and online materials, and provide reference for the compilation and selection of patient education materials. Methods Taking Suitability Assessment of Materials (SAM) as frame and combined Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT) and CDC Clear Communication Index, we screened indicator of the evaluation system preliminary and all of them have been adjusted with the language habits and social and cultural characteristics of our country. By Delphi method, 15 experts in related fields were selected to conduct 2 rounds of expert consultation to establish the final indicator system. The weights of the different indicators were also analyzed by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Results The indicator system of printable and online patient education materials was consisted of 7 first-level indicators,28 second-level indicators,84 third-level indicators. The positive coefficients and the authority coefficients of the experts were 100% and 0.87 of the two rounds. The coordination factors of the experts in second-level and third-level were respectively 0.362 and 0.255 for the second round. The top three indicators of the first-level indicators were content (0.271 5), behavioral suggestion (0.190 4), and language expression (0.190 4); the highest-level index weight was scientific content (0.095 7), and the lowest was the use of commonly numbers, correct interpretation of numbers and units′meaning (0.007 0). Conclusion The comprehensive evaluation system for printable and online materials is scientific, comprehensive and easy to operate. It can provide reference for medical worker to prepare and select printable and online materials.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the role of S100 calcium binding protein A16 (S100A16) in lipid metabolism in hepatocytes and its possible biological mechanism. HepG2 cells (human hepatoma cell line) were cultured with fatty acid to establish fatty acid culture model. The control model was cultured without fatty acid. Each model was divided into three groups and transfected with S100a16 over-expression, shRNA and vector plasmids, respectively. The concentration of triglyceride (TG) in the cells was measured by kit, and the lipid droplets was observed by oil red O staining. Immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry were used to find the interesting proteins interacting with S100A16, and the interaction was verified by immunoprecipitation. The further mechanism was studied by Western blot and qRT-PCR. The results showed that the intracellular lipid droplet and TG concentrations in the fatty acid culture model were significantly higher than those in the control model. The accumulation of intracellular fat in the S100a16 over-expression group was significantly higher than that in the vector plasmid transfection group. There was an interaction between heat shock protein A5 (HSPA5) and S100A16. Over-expression of S100A16 up-regulated protein expression levels of HSPA5, inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α) and pIREα1, which belong to endoplasmic reticulum stress HSPA5/IRE1α-XBP1 pathway. Meanwhile, over-expression of S100A16 up-regulated the mRNA expression levels of adipose synthesis-related gene Srebp1c, Acc and Fas. In the S100a16 shRNA plasmid transfection group, the above-mentioned protein and mRNA levels were lower than those of vector plasmid transfection group. These results suggest that S100A16 may promote lipid synthesis in HepG2 cells through endoplasmic reticulum stress HSPA5/IRE1α-XBP1 pathway.
Subject(s)
Humans , Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress , Endoribonucleases , Physiology , Heat-Shock Proteins , Physiology , Hep G2 Cells , Lipid Metabolism , Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases , Physiology , S100 Proteins , Physiology , Triglycerides , X-Box Binding Protein 1 , PhysiologyABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of multidimen-sional existential meaning scale (MEMS-C) in college students. Methods The MEMS was translated into Chinese. A total of 453 college students was tested by convenience sampling method via online survery. Eighteen college students were surveyed by MEMS-C before and after a two-week interval in order to analyze the retest reliability of the scale. Results The fitting indexes of the confirmatory factor analysis were χ2=450. 510,df=74,P<0. 01,χ2/df=6. 088,GFI=0. 859,CFI=0. 930,RMSEA=0. 106,RMR=0. 074,SRMR=0. 0494. The correlation validity coefficient of the scale was 0. 617 (P<0. 01). Internal consistency relia-bility coefficient of the total scale,comprehension,purpose,and mattering factors were 0. 935,0. 893,0. 936, 0. 733. The retest reliability was 0. 908 (P<0. 01). Conclusion The MEMS-C has good reliability and va-lidity. It is suitable to measure the sense of life of college students.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assist decision-makers interpret and choose among conflfl icting meta-analyses, as well as to offer treatment recommendations based on current best evidence by performing a systematic review of overlapping meta-analyses regarding Shenyi Capsule (, SC) plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A literature search was conducted to select systematic reviews comparing SC plus chemotherapy with chemotherapy for NSCLC. Meta-analyses only composed of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) met the inclusion criteria. Two authors individually estimated the quality of meta-analysis and extracted data. The Jadad decision algorithm was applied to guarantee which meta-analysis provided the best original evidence.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 5 meta-analyses were included. All the studies composed of RCTs or quasi-RCTs and were regarded as level-II evidence. The scores of the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews ranged from 3 to 6 (median 4). A high-quality meta-analysis with more RCTs was chosen, which suggested that SC plus chemotherapy could increase incidence of short-term efficacy, improve the quality of life and survival rate in comparison to chemotherapy. However, there was no statistically significant difference between SC plus chemotherapy and chemotherapy regarding chemotherapy-induced side effect, such as liver and kidney function obstacle, leukopenia, hemoglobin decrement and gastrointestinal adverse reaction.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Based on the best available evidence, treatment effect of SC plus chemotherapy was better than chemotherapy and did not increase side effects. Therefore, SC plus chemotherapy may be superior to chemotherapy for treating NSCLC. However, due to some limitations, SC plus chemotherapy should be cautiously considered, and further high-quality meta-analyses are needed.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Algorithms , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols , Therapeutic Uses , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung , Drug Therapy , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Therapeutic Uses , Lung Neoplasms , Drug TherapyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the efficacy of Chinese medicine (CM) on patients with pancreatic cancer (PC) in a retrospective population-based study.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Between January 1, 2013, and August 30, 2016, according to whether received Western medicine treatment, the patients were included into either integrative medicine (IM) group or CM group. All enrolled patients were orally administrated with Gexia Zhuyu Decoction () or Liujun Ermu Decoction () by syndrome differentiation, twice a day, last for at least 2 months. The primary end point was overall survival (OS).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 174 patients with PC were enrolled in this study. In stage I/II, the median OS was 20.5 months in the IM group [95% confidence interval (CI), 12.499 to 28.501] and 11.17 months in the CM group (95% CI, 5.160 to 17.180, P=0.015). The 1- and 2-year survival rates for the two groups were 47.0%, 40.0% and 21.0%, 21.0%, respectively. In stage III/IV, median OS was 13.53 months (95% CI, 8.665 to 18.395) in the IM group versus 6.4 months (95% CI, 0.00 to 15.682) in the CM group, respectively (P=0.32). The 1- and 2-year survival rate for the IM and CM groups were 27.0%, 7.0% and 20.0%, 2.0%, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Intervention of CM contributes to the different survival benefits for PC in different stages. Multimodality treatment might be a promising strategy for PC patients in early stage. While, in advanced stage, CM might be an alternative candidate for PC patients.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic , Integrative Medicine , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Multivariate Analysis , Neoplasm Staging , Pancreatic Neoplasms , Drug Therapy , Pathology , Survival AnalysisABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of suspension exercise training on motor and balance functions in children with spastic cerebral palsy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 97 children with spastic cerebral palsy were randomly divided into an observation group with 49 children and a control group with 48 children. Both groups were given routine rehabilitation training, and the children in the observation group were given suspension exercise training in addition. The scores of the D and E domains of the 88-item version of the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-88) and Berg Balance Scale (BBS) were recorded before treatment and at 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment. Surface electromyography was performed to observe the changes in the root mean square (RMS) of surface electromyogram signals of the adductor muscle and the gastrocnemius muscle.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Over the time of treatment, both groups had varying degrees of improvement in the scores of the D and E domains of GMFM-88 and BBS. Compared with the control group, the observation group had significantly greater improvements in D and E functional areas and balance function (P<0.05). Both groups had reductions in the RMS of the surface electromyogram signals of the adductor muscle and the gastrocnemius muscle over the time of treatment, and the observation group had significantly greater reductions than the control group (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Suspension exercise training can effectively improve the motor and balance functions of children with spastic cerebral palsy.</p>
Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Cerebral Palsy , Therapeutics , Exercise , Motor Activity , MusclesABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine whether additional Chinese medicine (CM) could prolong survival and improve the quality of life (QOL) in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) compared with Western medicine (WM) alone.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This was a multicenter, prospective cohort study. A total of 474 hospitalized patients with stage III-IV NSCLC were recruited and divided into 2 groups. Patients in the WM group received radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and optimal supportive therapy according to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines. In the integrative medicine (IM) group, individualized CM (Chinese patent medicines and injections) and WM were administered. The primary end point was overall survival, and the secondary end points were time to disease progression, adverse events, and QOL. Follow-up clinical examinations and chest radiography were performed every 2 months.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The median survival was 16.60 months in the IM group and 13.13 months in the WM group (P<0.01). The incidences of loss of appetite, nausea, and vomiting in the IM group were significantly lower than those in the WM group (P<0.05). The QOL based on Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Lung in the IM group was markedly higher than that in the WM group at the fourth course (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Additional CM may prolong survival and improve the QOL patients with NSCLC. The adverse effects of radio- and chemotherapy may be attenuated as CM is used in combination with conventional treatments.</p>
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effect of Lignum Sappan (LS) containing serum on the proliferation cycle arrest of human lung cancer cell line PG and its molecular mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The lung cancer PG cells were divided into four groups, i.e., the blank control group, the LS group, the LS plus cisplatin group, and the cisplatin group. They were cultured by RPMI-1640 with 20% blank serum, RPMI-1640 with 20% LS containing serum, RPMI-1640 with 20% LS containing serum plus 1 microg/mL cisplatin, and RPMI-1640 with 20% blank serum plus 1 microg/mL cisplatin, respectively. The morphology of PG cells was observed using light microscope and laser scanning confocal microscope in each group. The cell cycle arrest was observed using flow cytometry. The expression of P16 and Rb1 mRNA was tested by PCR method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Under the light microscope and laser scanning confocal microscope, the apoptosis degree of PG cells in the LS group was significant, but less than that of the LS plus cisplatin group as well as the cisplatin group. Compared with the blank control group, the proportion of PG cells increased at G0/ G1 and S phases (P < 0.05) and decreased at G2/M phase (P < 0.01) in the LS group; The proportion of PG cells increased at G2/M and S phases (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) and decreased at G0/G1 phase (P < 0.01) in the LS plus cisplatin group as well as the cisplatin group. Compared with the LS group, the proportion of PG cells increased at G2/M and S phases (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) and decreased at G0/G1 phase (P < 0.01) in the LS plus cisplatin group as well as the cisplatin group. There was no statistical difference in PG cells at each phase between the cisplatin group and the LS plus cisplatin group (P > 0.05). The expression of P16 and Rb1 mRNA increased in the LS group, when compared with the blank control group. They also increased in the cisplatin group and the LS plus cisplatin group, higher than that of the LS group (P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in the expression of P16 and Rb1 mRNA between the cisplatin group and the LS plus cisplatin group (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>LS containing serum induced PG cell apoptosis by up-regulating the mRNA transcription levels of P16 and Rb1, thus resulting in PG cell arrest at G0/G1 and S phases, which was different from the manner of cisplatin (achieved by arresting PG cells at G2/M and S phases through regulating cyclinB1 mRNA transcription).</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Apoptosis , Cell Cycle , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Proliferation , Cisplatin , Pharmacology , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Pharmacology , Lung Neoplasms , PathologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To find a kind of quick and effective haemostasis to decrease the mortality of severe bleeding.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>18 severe bleeding patients with different cause received recombinant activated factor VIIa (rFVIIa) were analyzed retrospectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of total 18 cases with severe bleeding, 13 cases cured, 3 cases were effective, 2 cases ineffective. The total clinical effective rate is 88.89%. After using rFVIIa, the PT, APTT and fibrinogen level of 6 DIC patients returned to normal within 12 hours; 13 patients whose the amount of bleeding can be evaluated stopped bleeding quickly. The fastest onset time was 10 min.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>rFVIIa can stanch severe bleeding for a variety of reasons rapidly and effectively, including coagulopathy, thrombocytopenia, and obstetric hemorrhage. Application of rFVIIa may decrease mortality, when conventional treatment is not valid.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Blood Coagulation Disorders , Drug Therapy , Factor VIIa , Therapeutic Uses , Hemorrhage , Drug Therapy , Recombinant Proteins , Therapeutic Uses , Retrospective Studies , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the qi deficiency syndrome distribution and quality of life (QOL) of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A questionnaire survey was conducted in 120 patients with advanced NSCLC using the QOL scale "Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy" (FACT-L) (Version 4.0). Meanwhile, syndrome typing was performed. On the basis of results of syndrome typing, patients of different syndrome types were grouped and compared, thus studying the distribution of advanced NSCLC patients of qi deficiency syndrome and qi deficiency syndrome correlated QOL features.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Qi deficiency, blood stasis, yin deficiency, phlegm and dampness dominated in syndrome types of the 120 patients with advanced NSCLC. Of syndrome types accounting for larger ratios in 112 patients, pure qi deficiency syndrome accounted for 30.36% (34 cases), qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome for 18. 75% (21 cases), both qi and yin deficiency syndrome for 10. 71% (12 cases). There was no correlation between the appearance of qi deficiency syndrome and patients' age, sex, pathological typing (adenocarcinoma/squamous carcinoma), or the disease duration. NSCLC patients in phase IV were mostly complicated with qi deficiency syndrome (P<0.05). Scores of physical states, emotional states, functional states, and total scores in the FACT-L scale were lower in those complicated with qi deficiency syndrome (89 cases) than in those without complicated qi deficiency syndrome (31 cases), showing statistical difference (P<0.01, P<0.05). The scores of the lung cancer specific module (additional concerns) in the FACT-L scale showed statistical difference, sequenced as qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome > pure qi deficiency syndrome > both qi and yin deficiency syndrome (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Qi deficiency syndrome is the main syndrome of advanced NSCLC. The QOL of advanced NSCLC patients complicated with qi deficiency syndrome was poorer than those without complicated qi deficiency syndrome. Besides, along with the aggravation of qi deficiency syndrome, the QOL decreased somewhat. It suggested that symptomatic treatment of qi deficiency syndrome could improve advanced NSCLC patients' QOL.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung , Diagnosis , Psychology , Lung Neoplasms , Diagnosis , Psychology , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Quality of Life , Surveys and Questionnaires , Yin Deficiency , DiagnosisABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the differences and characteristics in Chinese medicine (CM) and Western medicine therapeutic evaluation methods in the application of advanced non-small cell lung cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 200 cases of advanced non-small cell lung cancer from 3 subcenters were enrolled the study and assigned to two groups, 104 in the CM group treated with CM injection combined with treatment based on syndrome differentiation, 96 in the chemotherapy group treated with the international chemothearapy scheme, both the course of treatment was 6 weeks. Their short-term therapeutic effects were observed by the "clinic efficacy appraisal standard of therapy for advanced lung cancer with CM" simultaneously and by the follow-up Western medical solid tumor's effect evaluation criterion, including clinical symptoms, tumor body, Karnorfsky score, body weight and immune function evaluation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>According to WHO solid tumor's effect evaluation criterion, the efficacy of the chemotherapy group was much better than that of the CM group (P < 0.01). While, according to the "clinic efficacy appraisal standard of therapy for advanced lung cancer with CM", the efficacy of the CM group was better than that of the chemotherapy group without statistical difference (P = 0.05), however, there was a very strong trend of appearing difference. There was difference inult o the results of the two evaluation methods.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compared with WHO solid tumor's effect evaluation criterion, "the clinic efficacy appraisal standard of therapy for advanced lung cancer with CM" can reflect more features and advantages of CM for cancer treatment, having value for further study.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols , Therapeutic Uses , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung , Drug Therapy , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Therapeutic Uses , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Lung Neoplasms , Drug Therapy , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of Lignum Sappan (LS) on the growth and metastases of transplanted Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) in mice and investigate its partial mechanism of action.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>C57BL/6 mice were established in LLC model and divided into six groups in random: Group A was untreated; Group B was treated by chemotherapy (CM) only; Groups C-F were treated respectively with low-dose LS, high-dose LS, CM + low-dose LS and CM + high-dose LS, via intragastric administration for 21 successive days. Mice were sacrificed in batches at different time points (d 7, d 14 and d 21) to observe the tumor inhibition rate and the metastases suppressing rate was measured dynamically. Meantime, the CD44 expression in tumor cells was measured by flow cytometry and serum P-selectin concentration was measured by ELISA assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Tumor weight in all treated groups, except Group C, was lower than that in Group A at the three time points (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), and that was lower in Group F than in Group B at the corresponding time points (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Comparisons of CD44+ in tumor cells showed that as compared with Group A, on d 7, it was lower in Groups B and D (P < 0.01); on d 14, it was lower in Group E (P < 0.01) and Group F (P < 0.05); and on d 21, it was lower in Groups E and F (P < 0.01). As for the concentration of P-selectin, the intergroup comparisons showed that it was lower in Groups B-F on d 7 and in Group F on d 21 than that in Group A (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), but showed insignificant difference in comparing the Group A with all the treated Groups on d 14 (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>LS and CM +LS could inhibit the growth and metastases of LLC, and shows inhibition on CD44 expression in tumor cells and P-selectin level in serum, which may be one of the mechanisms of LS in suppressing tumor metastasis.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic , Pharmacology , Therapeutic Uses , Caesalpinia , Chemistry , Carcinoma, Lewis Lung , Drug Therapy , Pathology , Cell Proliferation , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Neoplasm Metastasis , Phytotherapy , Plant Extracts , Pharmacology , Therapeutic Uses , WoodABSTRACT
Apoptotic protease activating factor-1 (Apaf1) is an essential factor in intrinsic mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis activation. Apaf1 leads to the formation of apoptosome, which then proteolytically activates caspase-9. The activated caspase-9 opens the downstream signal of caspases to execute programmed cell death. Apaf-1 is important for tumor suppression and drug resistance because it plays a central role in DNA damage-induced apoptosis. Inactivation of the Apaf-1 gene is implicated in disease progression and chemoresistance of some malignancies. Further research on the Apaf-1 will contribute to develop a new type of approach to anti-cancer drugs, which might have good prospect in clinical practice. In this paper, the structure and function of Apaf-1, the mechanism involved in Apaf-1 signaling pathway, and application of Apaf-1 in tumor therapy were reviewed.